Vanadium-based alloy for hydrogen storage: a review

Storage of hydrogen in solid-state materials offers a safer and compacter way compared to compressed and liquid hydrogen. Vanadium (V)-based alloys attract wide attention, owing to the total hydrogen storage capacity of 3.8 wt% and reversible capacity above 2.0 wt% at ambient conditions, surpassing the AB₅-, AB₂- and AB-type hydrogen storage alloys. However, several challenges, such as insufficient capacity, cyclic stability and high raw material costs, hinder the practical applications of V-based alloys. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in hydrogen storage properties of V-based alloys. The mechanism and optimization strategies of hydrogen storage properties and cyclic stability are discussed in detail, and furthermore, the approaches to reduce manufacturing costs are compared comprehensively.