Single-atom catalysts: controlled synthesis and dynamic mechanism in electrochemical oxygen evolution substitution reactions

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted much attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their 100% atomic utilization efficiency, clear active center and adjustable support. The application of SACs to anodic oxygen evolution substitution reactions with high conversion efficiency and selectivity is undoubtedly promising. Therefore, a full understanding of the interactions between metal single-atom active sites and supports, and an in-depth understanding of the active centers and catalytic mechanisms of SACs in the electro-oxidation of small molecules are the keys to the development of high-performance catalysts. This review focuses on the synthesis of different support SACs and the interactions between single atoms and supports at the inter- face, and introduces the reaction mechanism of SACs in the electro-oxidation of different small-molecule substrates, such as ethanol, urea and hydrazine, with the aim of providing insights and ideas for the design of more efficient and ideal catalysts. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future opportunities in the field.