Recent advances in Ir/Ru-based perovskite electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a kinetically harsh four-electron anode reaction that requires a large overpotential to provide current and is of great importance in renewable electrochemical technique. Ir/Ru-based perovskite oxides hold great significance for application as OER electrocatalysts, due to that their multimetal-oxide forms can reduce the use of noble metals, and their compositional tunability can modulate the electronic structure and optimize OER performance. However, high operating potentials and corrosive environments pose a serious challenge to the development of durable Ir-based and Ru-based perovskite electrocatalysts. Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to improving the Ir/Ru-based perovskite activity to enhance the efficiency; however, progress in improving the durability of Ir/Ru-based perovskite electrocatalysts has been rather limited. In this review, the recent research progress of Ir/Ru-based perovskites is reviewed from the perspective of heteroatom doping, structural modulation, and formation of heterostructures. The dissolution mechanism studies of Ir/Ru and experimental attempts to improve the durability of Ir/Ru-based perovskite electrocatalysts are discussed. Challenges and outlooks for further developing Ru- and Ir-based perovskite oxygen electrocatalysts are also presented.