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<p>Lean Production System (LPS) has gained prominence as a strategy to reduce waste and improve resource efficiency. However, its adoption in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME), particularly in emerging economies like India faces significant challenges due to the impact of multiple enablers related to resources and organizational constraints. This study develops a conceptual framework for the successful adoption of LPS in Indian SME by systematically identifying and prioritizing its key enablers. Based on an extensive literature review, 32 unique enablers were identified and classified using Pareto analysis into 16 ‘vital-few’ and 16 ‘useful-many’ enablers. Inputs from 25 domain experts were used to propose a conceptual framework with the interrelationships among the identified 16 ‘vital-few’ enablers (called as key enablers) through Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) and to assess their driving and dependence powers by using MICMAC analysis. To address limitations in the traditional MICMAC approach, such as subjective quadrant classification and fixed thresholding, this study incorporates a K-means clustering technique to objectively group key enablers based on their driving and dependence scores. The integration of TISM hierarchy and refined MICMAC classification through clustering resulted in the development of the “House of Lean Production System (HoLPS)” model. The HoLPS model classifies the key enablers into four structural components: the <i>foundation</i> (comprising initiating enablers with high driving power), the <i>pillars</i> (which represent supportive enablers for LPS adoption), the <i>beam</i> (consisting of dependent enablers that integrate processes), and the <i>roof</i> (symbolizing the ultimate objective of achieving effective LPS adoption). The proposed conceptual framework and the HoLPS offer a structured and actionable roadmap for SME practitioners and policymakers to prioritize, implement, and sustain LPS initiatives. This research contributes to advancing lean adoption strategies in SME and enhances the understanding of the conceptual framework resulted by TISM approach and its dynamics that are key for the successful adoption of LPS.</p>

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A conceptual framework for lean production system adoption in SMEs: integrating TISM, MICMAC, and machine learning-based K-means clustering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • S. Bharath Sankar,
  • Muthu Mathirajan

摘要

Lean Production System (LPS) has gained prominence as a strategy to reduce waste and improve resource efficiency. However, its adoption in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME), particularly in emerging economies like India faces significant challenges due to the impact of multiple enablers related to resources and organizational constraints. This study develops a conceptual framework for the successful adoption of LPS in Indian SME by systematically identifying and prioritizing its key enablers. Based on an extensive literature review, 32 unique enablers were identified and classified using Pareto analysis into 16 ‘vital-few’ and 16 ‘useful-many’ enablers. Inputs from 25 domain experts were used to propose a conceptual framework with the interrelationships among the identified 16 ‘vital-few’ enablers (called as key enablers) through Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) and to assess their driving and dependence powers by using MICMAC analysis. To address limitations in the traditional MICMAC approach, such as subjective quadrant classification and fixed thresholding, this study incorporates a K-means clustering technique to objectively group key enablers based on their driving and dependence scores. The integration of TISM hierarchy and refined MICMAC classification through clustering resulted in the development of the “House of Lean Production System (HoLPS)” model. The HoLPS model classifies the key enablers into four structural components: the foundation (comprising initiating enablers with high driving power), the pillars (which represent supportive enablers for LPS adoption), the beam (consisting of dependent enablers that integrate processes), and the roof (symbolizing the ultimate objective of achieving effective LPS adoption). The proposed conceptual framework and the HoLPS offer a structured and actionable roadmap for SME practitioners and policymakers to prioritize, implement, and sustain LPS initiatives. This research contributes to advancing lean adoption strategies in SME and enhances the understanding of the conceptual framework resulted by TISM approach and its dynamics that are key for the successful adoption of LPS.