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<p>Many cloud data sources are protected by security mechanisms that solely monitor that specific source. Data privacy, security, and compliance are all jeopardised as a result of this fragmentation. Security of sensitive data and cloud-based applications is one of the key concerns of data owners, because of untrustworthy servers, service providers, and cloud operators can continue to identify sensitive data items from users. To secure data over cloud environment, the new technology must preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and authentication not only in the storage, but also in processing and in transit. The only solution is to transform the data into unreadable format (ciphertext), also need technology to access ciphertext. The art of performing various computations on the ciphertext is the challenging phenomenon in the real-world. A special mechanism called Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a technique, capable of performing arbitrary computations on encrypted data which are not needed to decrypt in advance. Though this is an extremely wonderful feature of the modern cryptography was known and established over 30&#xa0;years before, the first holy grails plausible and attainable technology in modern cryptography is Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) technique, allows to perform any function to be computed directly on the encrypted (not readable) data, proposed by Craig Gentry in the year 2009. Based on this, various implementation of FHE proposed so far, still need to improve. In this article, we present the survey focused on different types of HE algorithms, which are the most important pillars of achieving FHE. Also, the complexity in current scenario, FHE implemented libraries, improvements, current utility of Machine Language based implementation models in FHE to leverage the security of privacy computations and future research directions are deeply learned and analysed. This survey is mainly focussed on to give a clear understanding and guidelines to the practitioners who are involving research and interested in a thorough understanding of applications, and extension of numerous state-of-the-art FHE systems.</p>

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Analysis of various homomorphic encryption algorithms based on primitive functions and applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月28日

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  • J. Josepha Menandas,
  • Mary Subaja Christo

摘要

Many cloud data sources are protected by security mechanisms that solely monitor that specific source. Data privacy, security, and compliance are all jeopardised as a result of this fragmentation. Security of sensitive data and cloud-based applications is one of the key concerns of data owners, because of untrustworthy servers, service providers, and cloud operators can continue to identify sensitive data items from users. To secure data over cloud environment, the new technology must preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and authentication not only in the storage, but also in processing and in transit. The only solution is to transform the data into unreadable format (ciphertext), also need technology to access ciphertext. The art of performing various computations on the ciphertext is the challenging phenomenon in the real-world. A special mechanism called Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a technique, capable of performing arbitrary computations on encrypted data which are not needed to decrypt in advance. Though this is an extremely wonderful feature of the modern cryptography was known and established over 30 years before, the first holy grails plausible and attainable technology in modern cryptography is Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) technique, allows to perform any function to be computed directly on the encrypted (not readable) data, proposed by Craig Gentry in the year 2009. Based on this, various implementation of FHE proposed so far, still need to improve. In this article, we present the survey focused on different types of HE algorithms, which are the most important pillars of achieving FHE. Also, the complexity in current scenario, FHE implemented libraries, improvements, current utility of Machine Language based implementation models in FHE to leverage the security of privacy computations and future research directions are deeply learned and analysed. This survey is mainly focussed on to give a clear understanding and guidelines to the practitioners who are involving research and interested in a thorough understanding of applications, and extension of numerous state-of-the-art FHE systems.