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<p>The demand of sustainable and clean energy has made solar driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting a hot topic in renewable energy research. Herein, an effective electrochemical synthesis of the high-performance p-p heterojunction CuSe NPs-decorated NiO thin film for the solar water splitting system was report. To address the intrinsic drawbacks of CuSe of fast charge recombination and instability, p-CuSe/p-NiO heterojunction for efficient hole extraction and retarded recombination was constructed. Structural and morphological characterization confirmed the clean heterojunction formation with a 1&#xa0;μm thick, uniform CuSe layer on top of the 2&#xa0;μm thick NiO film. Optical measurements confirmed improved absorption of light in the UV-vis-NIR region, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the polycrystalline growth with interfacial microstrain (Williamson-Hall analysis). Mott-Schottky analyses, revealing the p-type character of both materials, also evidenced a two‑dimensional hole gas (2DHG) formation at the interface that highly enhances the hole mobility and separation. Under simulated sunlight, the CuSe/NiO electrode exhibited an ABPE of 14.1% compared to the NiO (5.3%) and CuSe (3.3%) electrodes, indicating 2.7 times and 4.3 times improvement in comparison with that of bare NiO and CuSe, respectively. This enhancement is due to the synergetic effects of the p-p heterojunction, i.e., enhanced visible-light absorption, efficient charge separation induced by internal electric field and 2DHG, and stable interface-charge-transfer. This work demonstrates a scalable strategy for the rational design of stable and high-performance photoelectrodes, and provides insight into understanding the interface engineering effects on the performance in p-p heterojunctions towards practical solar energy conversion.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Electrochemically synthesized p-p heterojunction of CuSe/NiO with 2D hole gas towards solar water splitting improvement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Hassan A. Al-Zuhairy,
  • Ahmed Al-Haddad,
  • Asaad M. Abbas

摘要

The demand of sustainable and clean energy has made solar driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting a hot topic in renewable energy research. Herein, an effective electrochemical synthesis of the high-performance p-p heterojunction CuSe NPs-decorated NiO thin film for the solar water splitting system was report. To address the intrinsic drawbacks of CuSe of fast charge recombination and instability, p-CuSe/p-NiO heterojunction for efficient hole extraction and retarded recombination was constructed. Structural and morphological characterization confirmed the clean heterojunction formation with a 1 μm thick, uniform CuSe layer on top of the 2 μm thick NiO film. Optical measurements confirmed improved absorption of light in the UV-vis-NIR region, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the polycrystalline growth with interfacial microstrain (Williamson-Hall analysis). Mott-Schottky analyses, revealing the p-type character of both materials, also evidenced a two‑dimensional hole gas (2DHG) formation at the interface that highly enhances the hole mobility and separation. Under simulated sunlight, the CuSe/NiO electrode exhibited an ABPE of 14.1% compared to the NiO (5.3%) and CuSe (3.3%) electrodes, indicating 2.7 times and 4.3 times improvement in comparison with that of bare NiO and CuSe, respectively. This enhancement is due to the synergetic effects of the p-p heterojunction, i.e., enhanced visible-light absorption, efficient charge separation induced by internal electric field and 2DHG, and stable interface-charge-transfer. This work demonstrates a scalable strategy for the rational design of stable and high-performance photoelectrodes, and provides insight into understanding the interface engineering effects on the performance in p-p heterojunctions towards practical solar energy conversion.

Graphical abstract