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<p>Ring-shaped, cylindrically symmetric laser beams with a dark core are crucial for advanced applications, yet their propagation in nonlinear saturable media (NSM) poses a significant hurdle. Our research, employing a parabolic equation within the aberration-free approximation, explored how NSM properties (saturation, loss, gain) and beam characteristics (width, intensity, initial curvature) impact the propagation of these structured beams. Our most impactful discovery is a unique optimal operating point: a precise blend of beam width and intensity that corresponds to a dimensional resonance point on the existence curve that physically suppresses transverse instability. This meticulous combination effectively balances NSM nonlinearities, enabling unprecedented long-distance solitonic propagation. We further found that optimal perturbation to the NSM’s saturation parameter can yield similar sustained long-range benefits. However, adjusting the beam’s initial curvature, or introducing gain/loss mechanisms proved inefficient for maintaining such extended propagation. These findings significantly advance the control of such ring-shaped beams, guiding future nonlinear optical system optimization.</p>

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Controlling long-distance propagation of ring-shaped, cylindrically symmetric laser beams with a dark core in nonlinear saturable media

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月12日

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  • Soumen Karmakar,
  • Ram Krishna Sarkar

摘要

Ring-shaped, cylindrically symmetric laser beams with a dark core are crucial for advanced applications, yet their propagation in nonlinear saturable media (NSM) poses a significant hurdle. Our research, employing a parabolic equation within the aberration-free approximation, explored how NSM properties (saturation, loss, gain) and beam characteristics (width, intensity, initial curvature) impact the propagation of these structured beams. Our most impactful discovery is a unique optimal operating point: a precise blend of beam width and intensity that corresponds to a dimensional resonance point on the existence curve that physically suppresses transverse instability. This meticulous combination effectively balances NSM nonlinearities, enabling unprecedented long-distance solitonic propagation. We further found that optimal perturbation to the NSM’s saturation parameter can yield similar sustained long-range benefits. However, adjusting the beam’s initial curvature, or introducing gain/loss mechanisms proved inefficient for maintaining such extended propagation. These findings significantly advance the control of such ring-shaped beams, guiding future nonlinear optical system optimization.