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<p>In present work, acetic acid–assisted co-precipitation method derived rare earth (Eu<sup>3+</sup>, Tb<sup>3+</sup> and Eu<sup>3+</sup>+Tb<sup>3+</sup>) doped yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) phosphors studied for their optical, electronic, and functional applications. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the retention of the cubic Y₂O₃ phase, with slight peak shifts explained by Bragg’s law, indicating lattice expansion upon Eu³⁺ substitution and relative contraction with Tb³⁺ incorporation, while co-doping produced an intermediate effect. The FE-SEM micrographs revealed agglomerated nanostructures with morphology variations depending on dopant type, suggesting dopant-induced surface energy changes. It is observed that Raman spectra exhibited characteristic Y–O phonon modes, with peak broadening and shifts under Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ doping, confirming lattice strain and defect incorporation while the co-doping balanced these distortions. The photoluminescence studies demonstrated strong excitation in the UV region (~ 270–300&#xa0;nm), corresponding to charge-transfer transitions, along with sharp f–f excitation bands of Eu³⁺ (⁷F<sub>0</sub> → ⁵L<sub>6</sub> at ~ 395&#xa0;nm) and Tb³⁺ (~ 465&#xa0;nm). The concentration quenching effect is observed Eu<sup>3+</sup> and Tb<sup>3+</sup> doped samples and same is used for co-doping of Eu<sup>3+</sup> and Tb<sup>3+</sup> in Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> host. The co-doped sample show emission spectra under selective excitation revealed dominant red emission from Eu³⁺ (⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ at ~ 612&#xa0;nm) and green emission from Tb³⁺ (⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ at ~ 545&#xa0;nm). Excitation at 395&#xa0;nm produced intense Eu³⁺ emission, while excitation at 465&#xa0;nm also yielded Eu³⁺ emission, indicating efficient Tb³⁺ → Eu³⁺ energy transfer. Host excitation at 274&#xa0;nm resulted in simultaneous Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ emissions, confirming competition between host-to-Eu³⁺ and host-to-Tb³⁺ channels. Overall, the results demonstrate that Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ co-doping in Y₂O₃ introduces lattice distortions, surface defects, and energy transfer pathways that can be exploited to tune emission colour and enhance luminescent efficiency for potential as multifunctional luminescent markers in anti-counterfeiting applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Structural defects and energy transfer dynamics in acetic acid derived Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺ co-doped Y₂O₃ phosphors for anti-counterfeiting and lighting applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月1日

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  • A. H. Bodke,
  • A. M. Jadhav,
  • N. S. Bajaj,
  • R. G. Korpe,
  • P. A. Nagpure,
  • H. R. Shaikh

摘要

In present work, acetic acid–assisted co-precipitation method derived rare earth (Eu3+, Tb3+ and Eu3++Tb3+) doped yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) phosphors studied for their optical, electronic, and functional applications. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the retention of the cubic Y₂O₃ phase, with slight peak shifts explained by Bragg’s law, indicating lattice expansion upon Eu³⁺ substitution and relative contraction with Tb³⁺ incorporation, while co-doping produced an intermediate effect. The FE-SEM micrographs revealed agglomerated nanostructures with morphology variations depending on dopant type, suggesting dopant-induced surface energy changes. It is observed that Raman spectra exhibited characteristic Y–O phonon modes, with peak broadening and shifts under Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ doping, confirming lattice strain and defect incorporation while the co-doping balanced these distortions. The photoluminescence studies demonstrated strong excitation in the UV region (~ 270–300 nm), corresponding to charge-transfer transitions, along with sharp f–f excitation bands of Eu³⁺ (⁷F0 → ⁵L6 at ~ 395 nm) and Tb³⁺ (~ 465 nm). The concentration quenching effect is observed Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped samples and same is used for co-doping of Eu3+ and Tb3+ in Y2O3 host. The co-doped sample show emission spectra under selective excitation revealed dominant red emission from Eu³⁺ (⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ at ~ 612 nm) and green emission from Tb³⁺ (⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ at ~ 545 nm). Excitation at 395 nm produced intense Eu³⁺ emission, while excitation at 465 nm also yielded Eu³⁺ emission, indicating efficient Tb³⁺ → Eu³⁺ energy transfer. Host excitation at 274 nm resulted in simultaneous Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ emissions, confirming competition between host-to-Eu³⁺ and host-to-Tb³⁺ channels. Overall, the results demonstrate that Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ co-doping in Y₂O₃ introduces lattice distortions, surface defects, and energy transfer pathways that can be exploited to tune emission colour and enhance luminescent efficiency for potential as multifunctional luminescent markers in anti-counterfeiting applications.

Graphical abstract