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<p>In this paper, we present the implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) Encryption in Underwater Optical Wireless Communication. These two types of encryptions fall under symmetric and asymmetric encryption. These are further implemented with various forward error correction codes and modulation techniques to check the feasibility of implementation and analysed for multiple metrics like execution time, error fraction and the encryption method. The comparative results suggest that RSA with the prime number configuration of 47,53 takes twice the amount to transmit the data as compared to AES-encrypted transmission and unencrypted transmission. RSA also shows a greater amount of error in transmission. In both the encryption, we could see that OOK-NRZ showed the lowest execution time and error, followed by OOK-RZ, which showed twice the execution time and had a slightly higher error, followed by DPIM and DHPIM, which showed varied execution time lying between RZ and PPM, whereas PPM showed the highest execution time and error fraction. The error fractions used reduced the error fractions at higher baud rates. Repeat code 05 showed promising results and has consistently reduced the error by 20%, followed by BCH code, Hamming Code and Reed Solomon code. These techniques are tested practically in a 4-meter underwater channel, and the results obtained show a promising approach in obtaining a secure underwater communication link that is a capable approach for various applications in defence and other surveillance systems.</p>

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Investigation of encryption and encoding techniques for secure underwater optical wireless communication

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • B. C. Dhanush Devappa,
  • Shashank Shekhar,
  • Moksh Chandrakar,
  • A. V. R. Murthy

摘要

In this paper, we present the implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) Encryption in Underwater Optical Wireless Communication. These two types of encryptions fall under symmetric and asymmetric encryption. These are further implemented with various forward error correction codes and modulation techniques to check the feasibility of implementation and analysed for multiple metrics like execution time, error fraction and the encryption method. The comparative results suggest that RSA with the prime number configuration of 47,53 takes twice the amount to transmit the data as compared to AES-encrypted transmission and unencrypted transmission. RSA also shows a greater amount of error in transmission. In both the encryption, we could see that OOK-NRZ showed the lowest execution time and error, followed by OOK-RZ, which showed twice the execution time and had a slightly higher error, followed by DPIM and DHPIM, which showed varied execution time lying between RZ and PPM, whereas PPM showed the highest execution time and error fraction. The error fractions used reduced the error fractions at higher baud rates. Repeat code 05 showed promising results and has consistently reduced the error by 20%, followed by BCH code, Hamming Code and Reed Solomon code. These techniques are tested practically in a 4-meter underwater channel, and the results obtained show a promising approach in obtaining a secure underwater communication link that is a capable approach for various applications in defence and other surveillance systems.