<p>Off-shooting solitons generated from the Airy beam in an SBN:60 photorefractive crystal were numerically investigated within the framework of the diffusive-saturable nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This study examines their formation mechanism, dynamical characteristics, deflection behavior, and comparability with conventional spatial solitons. The results show that the formation of off-shooting solitons arises from the interplay between transverse diffraction and photorefractive nonlinearity induced by an external bias field. The incident beam power critically controls localization: low power fails to produce localized structures, intermediate power yields well-defined solitons with widths comparable to those of conventional ones, and high power induces spatial breathing and decay that prevent stable formation. Diffusive nonlinearity, which becomes stronger at higher temperatures, drives transverse deflection whose direction and magnitude depend on the incident beam profile and power. Off-shooting solitons do not form along the central propagation axis but evolve along shifted trajectories, establishing them as a distinct class of spatial solitons in photorefractive crystals.</p>

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Characteristics and deflection dynamics of Airy beam off-shooting solitons: a diffusive-saturable nonlinear Schrödinger framework

  • Zulfi Abdullah,
  • Ahmad Ripai,
  • Trengginas Eka Putra Sutantyo,
  • Aavishkar Katti

摘要

Off-shooting solitons generated from the Airy beam in an SBN:60 photorefractive crystal were numerically investigated within the framework of the diffusive-saturable nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This study examines their formation mechanism, dynamical characteristics, deflection behavior, and comparability with conventional spatial solitons. The results show that the formation of off-shooting solitons arises from the interplay between transverse diffraction and photorefractive nonlinearity induced by an external bias field. The incident beam power critically controls localization: low power fails to produce localized structures, intermediate power yields well-defined solitons with widths comparable to those of conventional ones, and high power induces spatial breathing and decay that prevent stable formation. Diffusive nonlinearity, which becomes stronger at higher temperatures, drives transverse deflection whose direction and magnitude depend on the incident beam profile and power. Off-shooting solitons do not form along the central propagation axis but evolve along shifted trajectories, establishing them as a distinct class of spatial solitons in photorefractive crystals.