Investigation on the optical, electronic, thermal parameters, laser damage threshold and third order NLO material of bisglycine barium dichloride monohydrate single crystal for photonic applications
摘要
Currently, research focuses on the application of nonlinear optical materials owing to their more demand in verge areas of optical communication and switching applications. In the present study, single crystals of bisglycine barium dichloride monohydrate (BGBDCM), a tremendous material for nonlinear optical applications, were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique to congregate the more demand of photonics industry. The unit cell parameters and the structural orientation of the grown crystal were estimated by single crystal X – ray diffraction analysis. The obtained lattice parameter values of BGBDCM single crystals were a = 8.267 (3) Å, b = 9.294 (3) Å, c = 14.829 (2) Å, α, β and γ = 90°. The grown crystals were characterized by powder XRD patterns, confirming that they crystallized in an orthorhombic system. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis was used to elucidate the functional groups present in the grown single crystal. Optical transmission and absorption analyses were performed by UV – Vis – NIR spectrophotometry. The calculated band gap energy of BGBDCM was found to be 5.49 eV. The mechanical strength of grown crystal was estimated using the Vickers microhardness tester. The dielectric response of the grown crystal was investigated in the frequency range of 50 Hz – 2 MHz. The crystal exhibited lower dielectric loss with higher frequency the grown BGBDCM crystal possesses enhanced optical quality with lesser defects. These parameters play a vital role in the fabrication of photonic devices. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses were carried out to study the thermal properties of grown crystal. Etching studies were carried out on BGBDCM crystals with different etching times. The nonlinear optical refractive index (n2), the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ3) of the grown crystal were found to be 12.3371 × 10− 11 m2/W, 0.3840 × 10− 3 cm/W and 1.957 × 10− 6 esu, respectively. The grown crystal was subjected to single beam Z – scan measurements using a continuous wave 532 nm laser to evaluate these third order nonlinear optical parameters. The laser damage threshold value of BGBDCM was found to be 7.66 GW/ cm2, which is considerably high and indicates the potential of the grown crystal for use in lasing applications.