Three samples with glass composition (in mol %) of 33CaO–65B2O3–1MO (MO = Al2O3, Sb2O3, and Bi2O3)–1Cu were synthesized by melting (at ≈ 1200 °C), quenching (at ≈ 100 °C), and annealing (at ≈ 300 °C) processes. The XRD, SEM, EDS, and FTIR experimental results were obtained. The gamma ray shielding parameters were determined using the software tool ‘XCOM’. The XRD spectra of the glasses showed the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses primarily, exhibiting two bumps at around ≈ 25o and ≈ 45o due to short range and medium range periodicities of the glass matrix. SEM images displayed homogeneous glass phase with smooth surfaces of the prepared samples, but the presence of metal oxides (i.e., Al2O3, Sb2O3, Bi2O3, and Cu nanoparticles induced subtle granular structures. The FTIR spectra of the samples revealed various functional groups viz., trigonal [BO3] units, tetrahedral [BO4] units, octahedral [AlO6/SbO6/ BiO6], and one-dimensional B–O–B linkages in the glass matrix. The metal oxides Al2O3, Sb2O3, and Bi2O3 revealed the bands due to the vibrations of Al–O–B, Sb–O–B, and Bi–O–B at 572–593 cm− 1. Moreover, the copper nanoparticles could participate in the glass network with [CuO4] units along with [BO4] units, confirming Cu–O–B linkages at 431–436 cm− 1. The X-ray energy dispersion spectra (EDS) of the samples authenticated the presence of all elements of chemical reagents in the composition. The EDS studies disclosed dispersion of Kα and Kβ- photons by reaction of elements B, Ca, Cu, O, Al, Sb, Bi up to 5 keV. On the other hand, mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) demonstrated some discontinuities at low energies (< 3 keV) owing to Kα, Kβ- absorption edges of such elements. Bi2O3 mixed sample exhibited the highest MAC among the three samples due to its high atomic number (Z = 83), with the K-edge (~ 100 keV), making it the most effective material for attenuating high energy photons. These glasses would be used as radiation shielding materials for practical applications.

X-ray energy dispersion and structural characteristics of CaO–B₂O₃–MO (MO = Al₂O_3, Sb₂O_3, and Bi₂O₃): Cu optical glasses for high energy photon attenuation applications

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2025年8月26日

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N. Suresh Kumar,
Linganaboina Srinivasa Rao,
Ch. Thirmal,
Y. Chalapathi Rao

摘要

Three samples with glass composition (in mol %) of 33CaO–65B₂O₃–1MO (MO = Al₂O_3, Sb₂O_3, and Bi₂O₃)–1Cu were synthesized by melting (at ≈ 1200 °C), quenching (at ≈ 100 °C), and annealing (at ≈ 300 °C) processes. The XRD, SEM, EDS, and FTIR experimental results were obtained. The gamma ray shielding parameters were determined using the software tool ‘XCOM’. The XRD spectra of the glasses showed the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses primarily, exhibiting two bumps at around ≈ 25^o and ≈ 45^o due to short range and medium range periodicities of the glass matrix. SEM images displayed homogeneous glass phase with smooth surfaces of the prepared samples, but the presence of metal oxides (i.e., Al₂O_3, Sb₂O_3, Bi₂O₃, and Cu nanoparticles induced subtle granular structures. The FTIR spectra of the samples revealed various functional groups viz., trigonal [BO₃] units, tetrahedral [BO₄] units, octahedral [AlO₆/SbO₆/ BiO₆], and one-dimensional B–O–B linkages in the glass matrix. The metal oxides Al₂O_3, Sb₂O_3, and Bi₂O₃ revealed the bands due to the vibrations of Al–O–B, Sb–O–B, and Bi–O–B at 572–593 cm^− 1. Moreover, the copper nanoparticles could participate in the glass network with [CuO₄] units along with [BO₄] units, confirming Cu–O–B linkages at 431–436 cm^− 1. The X-ray energy dispersion spectra (EDS) of the samples authenticated the presence of all elements of chemical reagents in the composition. The EDS studies disclosed dispersion of K_α and K_β- photons by reaction of elements B, Ca, Cu, O, Al, Sb, Bi up to 5 keV. On the other hand, mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) demonstrated some discontinuities at low energies (< 3 keV) owing to K_α, K_β- absorption edges of such elements. Bi₂O₃ mixed sample exhibited the highest MAC among the three samples due to its high atomic number (Z = 83), with the K-edge (~ 100 keV), making it the most effective material for attenuating high energy photons. These glasses would be used as radiation shielding materials for practical applications.

X-ray energy dispersion and structural characteristics of CaO–B2O3–MO (MO = Al2O3, Sb2O3, and Bi2O3): Cu optical glasses for high energy photon attenuation applications

摘要

X-ray energy dispersion and structural characteristics of CaO–B₂O₃–MO (MO = Al₂O_3, Sb₂O_3, and Bi₂O₃): Cu optical glasses for high energy photon attenuation applications