<p>The Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) represents a transformative advancement in secure communications, offering unconditional security through quantum mechanics. It enables two distant parties to establish a shared secret key through a quantum channel and an authenticated classical channel. However, the presence of noise and potential eavesdropping on the quantum channel introduces errors in the raw key, measured via the Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER). To ensure the confidentiality and correctness of the final key, QKD protocols incorporate critical post-processing stages—error correction and privacy amplification. This study compares two error correction techniques, cascade and polynomial interpolation. In this comparison, information leakage and secret key fractions are examined under increasing QBER conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that while CASCADE performs efficiently at low error rates, it suffers a sharp decline in key yield as QBER increases. In contrast, polynomial interpolation exhibits enhanced robustness to noise and maintains a high secret fraction across a broad range of error rates. These findings highlighted the potential of error correction as a promising alternative to enhance future QKD systems’ efficiency and security. The polynomial interpolation method is more reliable for QKD protocols.</p>