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<p>Conventional perovskite solar cells (PSCs) relying on toxic lead-based absorbers pose environmental and health risks, limiting their sustainable adoption. This study addresses this critical challenge by computationally investigating eco-friendly, lead-free tin-based CsSnI₃ perovskites through SCAPS-1D simulations. We systematically optimize three key parameters absorber layer thickness, doping concentration, and carrier lifetime to bridge the efficiency gap between tin- and lead-based PSCs. Increasing the CsSnI₃ thickness to 600&#xa0;nm enhances light absorption, yielding a maximum efficiency of 19.10%. Further doping optimization (1 × 10<sup>17</sup> cm<sup>− 3</sup>) improves charge transport, achieving 20.25% efficiency. By extending carrier lifetime to mitigate recombination losses, the device attains a peak efficiency of 21.32%, with a fill factor of 76.67%, a current density of 33.30&#xa0;mA/cm², and an open-circuit voltage of 0.83&#xa0;V. These results, validated against experimental benchmarks, demonstrate the viability of CsSnI₃ as a sustainable alternative to lead perovskites, providing a roadmap for experimental realization of high-performance, eco-friendly solar cells.</p>

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Design and simulation of eco-friendly CsSnI3/CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月19日

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  • Razika Adjouz,
  • Zehor Allam,
  • Loumafak Hafaifa,
  • Lahcene Souli,
  • Achouak Zebeir

摘要

Conventional perovskite solar cells (PSCs) relying on toxic lead-based absorbers pose environmental and health risks, limiting their sustainable adoption. This study addresses this critical challenge by computationally investigating eco-friendly, lead-free tin-based CsSnI₃ perovskites through SCAPS-1D simulations. We systematically optimize three key parameters absorber layer thickness, doping concentration, and carrier lifetime to bridge the efficiency gap between tin- and lead-based PSCs. Increasing the CsSnI₃ thickness to 600 nm enhances light absorption, yielding a maximum efficiency of 19.10%. Further doping optimization (1 × 1017 cm− 3) improves charge transport, achieving 20.25% efficiency. By extending carrier lifetime to mitigate recombination losses, the device attains a peak efficiency of 21.32%, with a fill factor of 76.67%, a current density of 33.30 mA/cm², and an open-circuit voltage of 0.83 V. These results, validated against experimental benchmarks, demonstrate the viability of CsSnI₃ as a sustainable alternative to lead perovskites, providing a roadmap for experimental realization of high-performance, eco-friendly solar cells.