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<p>This study reports the polar and non-polar solvents induced third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of natural dye derived from <i>lawsonia inermis</i>. The polar solvents ethanol, acetone, and non-polar solvents diethyl ether, benzene are used in the extraction process. The natural dye’s third-order NLO properties are investigated using a 5 mW power laser set to run at 650&#xa0;nm wavelength. Closed aperture (CA) and open aperture (OA) Z-scan methods are used to calculate the natural dye’s nonlinear refractive index (n<sub>2</sub>) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), respectively. Thermal nonlinearity causes the title sample to display self-defocusing nonlinear refraction according to the CA technique. The natural dye exhibits both positive and negative nonlinearity due to reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and saturable absorption (SA) characteristics. The estimated values for the order of n<sub>2</sub> and β of the natural dye in polar and non-polar liquids are calculated to be 10<sup>–7</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/W and 10<sup>–2</sup> cm/W, respectively. The natural dye possesses a significant optical nonlinearity and second-order hyperpolarizability, with the values are calculated to be in the order of 10<sup>–6</sup> esu and 10<sup>–30</sup> esu. The results indicate that the natural dye derived from <i>lawsonia inermis</i> is a promising material for use in NLO applications.</p>

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Polar and non-polar solvents induced nonlinear optical characteristics of natural dye extracted from lawsonia inermis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月30日

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  • S. Daisylin Anbu Sujitha,
  • S. Lavanya,
  • Natarajan Arumugam,
  • Abdulrahman I. Almansour,
  • S. Jeyaram

摘要

This study reports the polar and non-polar solvents induced third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of natural dye derived from lawsonia inermis. The polar solvents ethanol, acetone, and non-polar solvents diethyl ether, benzene are used in the extraction process. The natural dye’s third-order NLO properties are investigated using a 5 mW power laser set to run at 650 nm wavelength. Closed aperture (CA) and open aperture (OA) Z-scan methods are used to calculate the natural dye’s nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), respectively. Thermal nonlinearity causes the title sample to display self-defocusing nonlinear refraction according to the CA technique. The natural dye exhibits both positive and negative nonlinearity due to reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and saturable absorption (SA) characteristics. The estimated values for the order of n2 and β of the natural dye in polar and non-polar liquids are calculated to be 10–7 cm2/W and 10–2 cm/W, respectively. The natural dye possesses a significant optical nonlinearity and second-order hyperpolarizability, with the values are calculated to be in the order of 10–6 esu and 10–30 esu. The results indicate that the natural dye derived from lawsonia inermis is a promising material for use in NLO applications.