<p>Wavelength measurement has long been an important aspect of spectroscopy. With tremendous progress in modern spectroscopy, a range of wavelength measurements are required, necessitating the use of a wide range of instruments. The calibration of such instruments stipulates the use of wavelength standards which provide a precise measurement that is needed in today’s era for several metrological applications. The current manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of different wavelength standards, viz., optical frequency comb-based wavelength standards, wavelength standards for spectrophotometers and laser wavelength standards. Laser wavelength standards typically refer to the frequency stabilized lasers with accurately known vacuum wavelengths, which are used for numerous applications such as high-resolution (HR) spectroscopy, length &amp; time metrology, and optical communications etc. Therefore, this article also examined various laser stabilization techniques and their key comparison with a goal to provide a well-rounded understanding of wavelength standards and their importance in the different fields.</p>