<p>The refractive index (RI) of anisotropic ferroelectric optical waveguide materials changes depending on which way the light wave is moving. Being a negative uniaxial crystal, Lithium Niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>/LN) has an oblate ellipsoid of revolution optical indicatrix (in the XZ plane) with its optic axis orientated along the Z-axis, and a unique circle of revolution optical indicatrix (in the XY plane) is observed with its optic axis along the Z-axis. Also, the refractive indices for the above-said orientations are observed using point dipole approximation (PDA) in XZ and XY planes and are well-suited with the locus of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> optical indicatrix values. The variation of refractive index (ordinary <i>n</i>o and extraordinary <i>n</i>e refractive index) from ordinary RI, <i>n</i><sub><i>o</i></sub> = 2.28674 (maximum) to extraordinary RI, <i>n</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> = 2.2024 (minimum) is observed at an interval of 10° by considering the optic axis along the Z-axis, and an oblate ellipsoid is observed in the XZ plane. There is no variation of refractive index <i>n</i><sub><i>o</i></sub> = 2.28674, observed at an interval of 10° and a circular indicatrix in the XY plane is observed. In PDA, one must set the possible polarisability values of constituent ions of LiNbO<sub>3.</sub> From the wavelength dispersion data, the variation of polarisability values of constituent ions of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> is also studied using PDA.</p>

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A point dipole approximation study of the orientation-dependent refractive index and polarisability dispersion in lithium niobate indicatrix

  • Chilukuri Nagender,
  • Domala Suresh,
  • Ravindharan Ethiraj

摘要

The refractive index (RI) of anisotropic ferroelectric optical waveguide materials changes depending on which way the light wave is moving. Being a negative uniaxial crystal, Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3/LN) has an oblate ellipsoid of revolution optical indicatrix (in the XZ plane) with its optic axis orientated along the Z-axis, and a unique circle of revolution optical indicatrix (in the XY plane) is observed with its optic axis along the Z-axis. Also, the refractive indices for the above-said orientations are observed using point dipole approximation (PDA) in XZ and XY planes and are well-suited with the locus of LiNbO3 optical indicatrix values. The variation of refractive index (ordinary no and extraordinary ne refractive index) from ordinary RI, no = 2.28674 (maximum) to extraordinary RI, ne = 2.2024 (minimum) is observed at an interval of 10° by considering the optic axis along the Z-axis, and an oblate ellipsoid is observed in the XZ plane. There is no variation of refractive index no = 2.28674, observed at an interval of 10° and a circular indicatrix in the XY plane is observed. In PDA, one must set the possible polarisability values of constituent ions of LiNbO3. From the wavelength dispersion data, the variation of polarisability values of constituent ions of LiNbO3 is also studied using PDA.