<p>Underwater images often suffer from issues such as color distortion, blurred details and low contrast, leading to poor image quality. This paper proposes an underwater image enhancement method based on the variational image decomposition model, aiming to effectively improve the color and image quality of underwater images. The proposed method first preprocesses the underwater image by red and green channel compensation and white balance adjustment to correct the color deviation and improve the naturalness of the image. Subsequently, the cartoon parts and high-frequency detail parts obtained by the <i>TV-G-E</i> decomposition model are further enhanced, which effectively improves the clarity and detail performance of the image. The proposed method is particularly suitable for processing underwater images with blue-green tones and can achieve color correction to make the image colors more natural and realistic, significantly enhancing the visual effects in various scenarios. Through variational image decomposition technology, we can better preserve the details and valuable information in the images, resulting in clearer enhanced images. Qualitative and quantitative experiments have validated the effectiveness of this method in handling various underwater images. Compared with other conventional underwater enhancement methods, our method excels not only in color and image enhancement but also demonstrates significant advantages in image detail and feature restoration. In future work, we will continue to refine this method to achieve higher-quality image enhancement and address more extreme underwater degradation scenarios.</p>