This research focuses on improving the energy conversion efficiency of plasmonic silicon solar cells by introducing a novel design. This involves integrating periodic nanostructures composed of silver into the silicon active layer, and applying a top antireflection coating of Si \(_3\) N \(_4\) . Through the optimization of the dimensions of the silver nanowires (AgNWs), the absorption spectrum of the solar cell can be customized to improve overall performance and increase conversion efficiency. The proposed solar cell is modeled and simulated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to evaluate its performance, with electrical characteristics analyzed through the drift-diffusion method. The optimized structure achieves a short-circuit current density of \({83.412}\,\mathrm{mA/cm}^2\) in FDTD simulations and \({78.698}\,\mathrm{mA/cm}^2\) in Charge simulations, leading to a significant enhancement in the conversion efficiency of \(40.972\%\) . This paper presents an efficient approach for developing thin-film plasmonic solar cells with a thickness of \({5}\,{\upmu }\textrm{m}\) that can produce high currents through advanced light-trapping techniques on plasmonic nanostructures.
