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<p>In this research article, a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) hexagonal lattice structure is designed for assessing the quality of milk in terms of water and fat percentages. A wavesteering method is used to find an optimal path for the light wave through the structure in which various waveguide angles are analyzed for sensor performance. The plane wave expansion (PWE) method is used to compute the photonic band gap (PBG) and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to determine wave propagation. The structure with 230<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12596_2025_2495_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>0</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> wave steering angle has achieved highest quality factor 1280, sensitivity 1584 nm/RIU, figure of merit (FOM) 980 <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12596_2025_2495_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {RIU}^{-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mtext>RIU</mtext> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and 95% transmission for milk with 83% water concentration. The proposed sensor is a suitable candidate for measuring the quality of milk and marking water and fat percentages.</p>

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Wavesteering effect on the performance of photonic crystal based refractive index sensor for the detection of milk quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月22日

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  • D. Sreekanth,
  • Savita Soma,
  • Mahesh V. Sonth,
  • Sanjaykumar C. Gowre,
  • Hameed Miyan

摘要

In this research article, a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) hexagonal lattice structure is designed for assessing the quality of milk in terms of water and fat percentages. A wavesteering method is used to find an optimal path for the light wave through the structure in which various waveguide angles are analyzed for sensor performance. The plane wave expansion (PWE) method is used to compute the photonic band gap (PBG) and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to determine wave propagation. The structure with 230 \(^0\) 0 wave steering angle has achieved highest quality factor 1280, sensitivity 1584 nm/RIU, figure of merit (FOM) 980 \(\hbox {RIU}^{-1}\) RIU - 1 and 95% transmission for milk with 83% water concentration. The proposed sensor is a suitable candidate for measuring the quality of milk and marking water and fat percentages.