Dual-substrate graphene THz antenna design for advanced sensing applications

This paper introduces the design of a dual-substrate graphene-based antenna for advanced sensing applications in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The antenna utilizes two distinct substrates, one rectangular substrate made of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and a circular substrate positioned above it. This dual-substrate configuration is designed to enhance the overall performance of the antenna at high frequencies. The radiating patch constructed from graphene is chosen for its unique electrical properties making it highly suitable for THz operations. To ensure proper isolation between the graphene patch and the underlying substrate, a polysilicon ring is employed, which prevents undesired interactions and improves the antenna's efficiency. The antenna is resonant at 1.934 THz, a critical frequency for many sensing and imaging applications. At this frequency, the antenna demonstrates a maximum directivity of 8.2 dBi which indicating focused radiation in the desired direction, and achieves an overall efficiency of 70.19%. The design also shows improved surface current distribution, which helps to reduce losses and optimize radiation performance. These characteristics make this antenna a promising candidate for applications requiring precise THz wave manipulation, such as environmental monitoring, biomedical sensing, and high-resolution imaging systems.