Assessment of double CdS/CdTe based solar cells using carbon as back contact: an exclusive optimization method

Researchers’ attention has been drawn to Cd-based solar power cells in recent years due to its positive photovoltaic characteristics. The configurations of ITO/CdS/CdTe/Ag-based solar cells are compared in terms of performance in this work. In comparison to single-layered CdS and CdTe-based solar cells, the double CdS/CdTe-based PSCs offer superior performance parameters, however, their output is limited for photovoltaic applications. Apart from the physical parameters like thickness (from 0.2 to 1.2 μm), the defect density (10¹² to 10¹⁶ cm⁻³) optimization of the perovskite materials is one of the most appropriate approaches for achieving high efficiency. In addition, optoelectronic parameters of J-V and QE are also optimized for reaching high efficiency utilizing SCAPS-1D software. The most favourable output factors achieved in this work are J_SC of 25.27 mA/cm², FF of about 55.89%, V_OC of 0.896 V, and PCE (Power conversion efficiency) of 12.67%, respectively using the carbon as the back contact.