Designing new and simulating a microstrip antenna with a toothed-ring structure optimized for 5G wireless communications

The Microstrip Antenna (MSA) is a compact wireless antenna known for its excellent performance in transmitting and receiving signals across various applications. Its small size, high efficiency, and versatility make it ideal for numerous environments and conditions. MSAs are particularly valuable due to their ability to support multi-directional beam configurations and adapt to different surfaces. However, they are often limited by their bandwidth capacity. In this study, we employed the High-Frequency Structural Simulation (HFSS) program, which utilizes the finite element method to address electromagnetic challenges in antenna design. Five MSA models were examined, beginning with a basic circular design and culminating in a toothed ring configuration. Each model produced novel results, with the final design demonstrating the best performance in terms of frequency range, gain, impedance, VSWR, and bandwidth, which closely matched the intended application. The final antenna design operates effectively within a frequency range of 3.38 to 6.88 GHz, meeting the requirements of 5G mobile communications and adhering to the IEEE 802.11ac standard. It achieved a return loss of -46.33 dB and an impressive bandwidth of 84.71%. Additionally, the impedance bandwidth of 49.92 Ω was very close to the ideal value of 50 Ω. After fabrication, the antenna was tested using a Network Analyzer (Planer 804/1), and the measured results were consistent with the simulations.