A Review Of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Technology In Biosensing: Innovations, Applications And Future Trends

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have become crucial in biochemistry and biophysics due to their high sensitivity in detecting biomolecular interactions. These sensors operate by monitoring changes in the refractive index near metal surfaces, typically gold or silver. This review outlines the evolution of SPR technology, from early observations of polarized light interacting with metal-backed diffraction gratings to current advancements. It details the underlying principles of SPR and its application in real-time biomolecular interaction detection. The paper highlights the contributions of various scientists in advancing our understanding of the SPR phenomenon and the development of SPR-based biosensors. The paper also discusses key contributions to the field and integrates recent reviews to present a comprehensive overview of contemporary SPR technology. Furthermore, it explores the broad applications of SPR biosensors, including biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring, emphasizing their role in advancing scientific research. This review highlights the significance of SPR-based biosensors as essential tools in modern scientific inquiry offering valuable insights into the capabilities and potential of SPR-based biosensors, positioning them as indispensable tools in contemporary scientific inquiry and application.