Fabrication and characterization of bulk heterojunction organic solar cell: a review

Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells have attracted considerable interest for their promise in cost-effective, lightweight, and flexible photovoltaic applications. This paper specifically examines the production and characterization of organic solar cells. The main objective is to investigate how different weight ratios of the donor (PCDTBT) and acceptor components affect the performance of these solar cells. The review will provide a comprehensive explanation of the procedures involved in synthesizing and depositing each layer, with a particular focus on the contribution of core–shell nanoparticles in improving the performance of the device. the analysis was performed by changing the PCDTBT donor–acceptor, fabrication of (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/BHJ(PCDTBT:PC71BM)/(CdSe-ZnSe or ZnS) core shell/Al) solar cells. The results of our study show that the inclusion of CdSe-ZnSe/ZnS core–shell nanoparticles greatly enhances the separation of charges and the absorption of light, leading to increased power conversion efficiencies.