Estimation of splice losses between a photonic crystal fiber and a conventional single mode fiber and between two different photonic crystal fibers without and with transverse offset and angular misalignment

A simple and effective approach for estimating the splice losses between an index-guiding photonic crystal fiber and a conventional single mode fiber and between two index-guiding photonic crystal fibers is reported for different opto-geometrical parameters of the fibers. This is based on a simpler empirical relation for effective cladding indices of photonic crystal fibers, developed in the recent past. The relation is valid in the endlessly single mode region of these fibers. The validity of the approach in splice loss evaluation is tested by comparing the splice losses computed from it with the results obtained from an earlier scalar effective index method and the rigorous finite element method. The new results are observed to match more accurately with the available results from both the aforesaid methods for certain hole-pitch ranges of photonic crystal fibers. In addition, the splice losses between two fibers, of which at least one is a photonic crystal fiber, in association with the transverse offset and angular misalignment are also studied.