Studying the structural and optical properties of Zn_1−xMg_xO nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of Zn_1−xMg_xO within the composition of 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 had been fabricated using a biological method using Ficus carica leaves extract. The study was conducted to determine the effect of increasing the concentration of Mg on the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics. The structural properties of Zn_1−xMg_xO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The morphological characteristics of the samples were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) digitized pictures taken using this method have surface characteristics like root mean square roughness (Rq) and average roughness (Ra) quantified and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis. The optical properties were investigated by UV–visible spectroscopy to analyze the absorption spectra. The XRD analysis indicates distinct evidence of segregation into hexagonal and cubic phases for the samples containing magnesium. The average crystalline size of the produced nanocomposites is in the range of 13.29–19.2 nm. The band gap energies (Eg) of the Zn_1−xMg_xO nanocomposites were altered from 3.2 to 4.4 eV by changing the content of Mg in the Zn_1−xMg_xO nanocomposites. The XRD and UV–vis analysis showed that the physical properties of Zn_1−xMg_xO nanocomposites changed as the concentration of Mg²⁺ ions increased. Changing of band gap makes Zn_1−xMg_xO nanocomposites a promising material for photocatalysis, optoelectronic and display devices. The findings indicate that the size and shape of particles have a crucial impact in medical applications.