Spectroscopic investigation of plasma parameters in an Sn/Zn core–shell (LIBS): a comparative study of different laser energies

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of plasma parameters in a Sn/Zn target via LIBS spectroscopy. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as a powerful technique for analyzing materials by creating plasma by laser ablation. This study comprehensively examines the plasma characteristics in a Sn/Zn target using LIBS spectroscopy. The plasma parameters, derived from exposing the Sn/Zn target to several laser beam energy generated by a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser system, The obtained spectra were employed within the framework of the Boltzmann plot technique to determine plasma temperatures. In contrast, the evaluation of electron density was accomplished through the utilization of Stark broadening analysis. The ascertained electron temperature values spanned from (0.565 to 0.6)eV for (Zn), accompanied by an electron density ranging between 0.909 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³ and 1.061 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³ for Sn/Zn. Conversely, rising laser beam energy decreased the Debye length (λ_D) value. The laser beam utilized had energy ranging from (300–700 mJ). These derived electron temperature and density values subsequently served as pivotal inputs for the estimation of additional plasma parameters, including the Debye length, the particle count within the Debye sphere, and the plasma frequency.