Improving the perovskite solar cell by insertion of methyl ammonium tin oxide and cesium tin chloride as absorber layers: scaps 1d study based on experimental studies

In the present work, the two CsSnCl₃ and MASnI₃ materials have been used as absorber layers in a proposed innovative perovskite solar cell (PSC) structure whose configuration is as follows FTO/ZnO/MASnI₃/CsSnCl₃/NiO/Pt. To improve the solar cell characteristics and efficiency, SCAPS 1D software was used to optimize different parameters such as thickness, doping density and defect density for both CsSnCl₃ and MASnI₃absorbent layers as well as defect density in HTM/CsSnCl₃; CsSnCl₃/MASnI₃ and MASnI₃/ETMinterfaces; HTM and ETM; backcontact and temperature. Several competent materials taken from the literature were used to optimize the HTM and ETM of this structure. Here, for the HTM the proposed materials are: CuSCN, NiO, PEDOT:PSS, Cu₂O, CuI, P3HT and Spiro-OMeTAD and the selected materials for the ETM are: PCBM; CdS; ZnSe; SnO₂; TiO₂ and WO₃. After the optimization of these different parameters the final configuration of the studied cell becomes FTO/ZnSe/MASnI₃/CsSnCl₃/Cu₂O/Au. Under AM1.5G, T = 300 K standard test conditions, this optimized perovskite solar cell(PSC) exhibits performance of parameters such as an open circuit voltage of 1.162 V, short circuit current density of 30.36 mA cm⁻², a fill factor of 89.17% and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.45%. This study demonstrates that it is optimal to use both lead-free perovskites, CsSnCl₃ and MASnI₃, in a PSC device to enhance its performance.