SiO₂-Au-GO Based 2D Photonic Crystal Biosensor For Protein Analysis And iImmunological Evaluation

As a result of the significant increase in healthcare needs and the need for precise clinical judgments Photonic Crystal (PC) based biosensors have demonstrated improved performance compared to classic analog sensors in a wide range of therapeutic applications. Photonic crystal-based biosensors are a suitable technology for clinical decision systems, as they offer increased sensitivity and resolution for precise sensing. This makes them useful for many biosensing applications. A novel and extremely responsive biosensor, utilizing Photonic crystals composed of Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂), Gold (Au), and Graphene Oxide (GO), is suggested for protein analysis and immunological evaluation. A 0.1 μm thick layer of Gold is applied over the surface of Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂) of 1.5 μm thickness. Following that, Graphene oxide-coated rods are inserted into a structure. Initially, gold plating was utilized to boost reflectivity, whereas Graphene oxide-coated rods were incorporated to augment plasmonic attraction for biosensing purposes. Graphene Oxide has a dual effect in this context. It enhances the absorption of both antibodies and antigens, leading to increased sensitivity. Additionally, it induces significant changes in the spectrum, enabling accurate detection judgments to be made. Graphene Oxide-coated rods specifically facilitate the capture of target molecules, resulting in an elevation of the material’s refractive index and a subsequent change in the wavelength spectrum and transmission amplitude. This change is utilized for biosensing purposes. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is employed for analysis. The simulation results validated both the shift in the spectrum and transmission amplitude with 100 nm/RIU and a maximum Quality factor of 597, indicating the ability to perform biosensing activities for protein analysis and immunological evaluations for clinical decision-making.