Evaluation of the detection system for elemental and compound pollution in Iraq’s water using absorbance spectroscopy

The broadband light source range (Ultraviolet and visible) absorption spectroscopy is widely utilized in oil refining operations because of its ability to accurately determine the type and concentration of dissolved metal salts in wastewater. The efficacy of this technique is dependent on the dissolved metal salts’ capacity to react with light and then absorb certain wavelengths of light. To quantify the absorbance of dissolved element salts and precisely determine the lowest concentration up to 2 ppm, the experiments were conducted in a lab setting using a broadband source (200–800 nm). Using a standard solution, a mixture of the mineral salts from oil refining processes was created and diluted to varied concentrations. This made it possible for us to examine the behavior of absorbance and precisely determine the parameters of detection for the lowest concentrations. These substances include calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), sodium chloride (NaCl₂), phenol, lead nitrate (PbNO₃), sulfide (SO₄), and nitrate (NO₃), at 340, 404, and 741 nm, the concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100) part per million (ppm) were discovered, and the absorbance (0.15323, 0.15326, and 0.14685) was obtained for the concentration of 10 (ppm), respectively. The method that has been tried at different concentrations is taken into account, this method replicates how variations in water level and flow rate lead to variations in river water concentrations. It is less expensive than other chemical and conventional procedures and offers good data analysis accuracy and speed.