An Analysis Comparing The Performance Of Lead And Tin Halides In Organic Perovskite Materials CH₃NH₃ Pb_xSn_1-xI₃, Where x = 1, 0.5, or 0, For Use In Solar Cells

Due to the instability and toxicity of lead perovskite materials, the scientific community of solar cell applications is looking into alternative metal halides that are safe for the environment, can replace lead halides without changing the unique properties of lead perovskite materials, and result in stable longer-life perovskite in the solar cells. This paper presents a comparative study of the performance of perovskite compounds, CH₃NH₃ Pb_xSn_1-xI₃, x = 1, 0.5, or 0, as a sensing layer, harvesting photons layer, in solar cells, and also studies the optical and structural properties of all perovskite materials at, x = 1, 0.5, or 0. A tetragonal phase was obtained for each perovskite material at x = 1, 0.5, or 0, and a direct optical energy gap was estimated at (1.55, 1.64, 1.8) eV, respectively. Perovskite solar cells were prepared with a configuration structure (FTO / compact TiO₂ / scaffold-CH₃NH₃Pb_xSn_1-xI₃/CuO /Al-electrode). The l-V curve of the prepared perovskite solar cells was studied, and the performance of the solar cells was examined under a light intensity of 100 mW/cm². The power conversion efficiency, PCE, of the prepared solar cells, was (PCE = 2.9, 2.3, or 0.8) at x = 1, 0.5, or 0, respectively.