A hybrid cryptosystem based on Radon transform, devil’s vortex Fresnel lens phase mask, and Arnold transform

A cryptographic approach for image encryption in the Radon domain is presented in this paper. Grayscale-, and binary images are used to validate the technique. The images are encrypted using a combination of the Radon-, and Fourier transform, with scrambling by the Arnold transform. Devil’s vortex Fresnel lens is employed as a phase mask to enhance the security of the cryptosystem by expanding the key space. The image evaluation metric used consists of the 3-D image meshes, correlation coefficient, entropy, mean-square-error for key-sensitivity, and noise attack analysis. It is found that the system is robust against the noise attacks. The cryptosystem is digitally implemented using MATLAB (R2022a).