Development And Execution Of An FSO Communication System To Track The Scattered Laser Beam During Atmospheric Turbulence

Modern free-space optical communication systems primarily use intensity modulation with direct detection. The effectiveness of free-space optical communications can be hindered by atmospheric turbulence. Variations in the refractive index occur throughout the transmission channel as a result of inhomogeneities in the atmosphere’s temperature and pressure. In this work, three types of atmospheric turbulence (rain, fog, and dust) were studied and analyzed, where the laser beam was traced through the beam profile, and thus a deterioration in intensity due to turbulence was described. This work had important aspects that mainly focused on finding a new design for an optical FSO communication system with laser beam tracking during deflection in atmospheric turbulence, making it work well with strong turbulence at visible and non-visible wavelengths depending on the set of position sensors. The displacement amount was calculated by calculating the last deviation amount of the laser beam in the tracking circuit program by applying a mathematical model to the programming used during atmospheric turbulence and thus knowing the deviation amount as an angle. This work has important aspects that are mainly focused on finding a new design for an optical FSO communication system with laser beam tracking during deflection in atmospheric turbulence, making it work well with strong turbulence at visible and non-visible wavelengths depending on the set of position sensors used. Among the most important results obtained, we conclude that dense fog has a significant effect on changing the path of the laser.