Comparative analysis of electron acceleration by Gaussian and cosh-Gaussian laser pulses in homogeneous plasma through laser wakefield acceleration

In contrast to conventional particle accelerators, laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) has become a practical method for producing ultra-relativistic electron beams within substantially smaller spatial extents. This work aims to conduct a comparative investigation of electron acceleration by employing two different laser pulse patterns, namely Gaussian and cosh-Gaussian. The utilization of these pulse profiles is prevalent in the context of laser-plasma interactions, which give rise to diverse dynamics in electron acceleration. An analytical examination of the electron acceleration processes induced by cosh-Gaussian and Gaussian laser pulses in a uniform plasma has been exhaustive. This research examines the correlation between wake potential, wakefield, and electron energy gain for both pulse patterns, in consideration of several parameters including laser intensity, pulse length, and parameter \({w}_{0}\) $w_0$ . The results of our analyses indicate that the generation of cosh-Gaussian pulses is a more suitable method for generating wake potential, wakefield, and electron energy gain. By optimizing the beam parameter \({w}_{0}\) $w_0$ and the length, a cosh-Gaussian pulse profile can increase the energy by as much as 5.1 GeV. The findings of our research provide substantial knowledge regarding the comparative efficacy of cosh-Gaussian and Gaussian pulse-driven LWFA methods. This contributes to the broader comprehension of interactions between lasers and plasmas, particularly in the context of particle acceleration methods for future advancements.