Optimizing terahertz emission with Hermite–Gaussian laser beams in collisional slanted up density plasma

Terahertz (THz) has become a prominent area of research because of its wide-ranging practical applications in sectors such as cancer detection, biochemical sensors, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Various initiatives have been pursued to develop a customisable and energy-efficient terahertz (THz) source. This work investigates the simultaneous propagation of two Hermite–Gaussian (HG) laser pulses within a collisional plasma medium with slanting up density profile. The laser–plasma interaction displays nonlinear properties, resulting in the generation of highly efficient THz radiation. A comprehensive analysis is performed to investigate the correlation between the effectiveness of converting terahertz (THz) waves and several factors, including plasma frequency, Hermite polynomial mode index (s), and electron collisional frequency. The findings indicate that when we deviate from the resonant direction, the efficiency of converting THz waves diminishes and reaches nearly zero when the normalized THz frequency exceeds 1.6 and the normalized collisional frequency exceeds 3.5. The conversion efficiency in the terahertz range grows as the Hermite polynomial mode index values increase for s = 0, 1, 2. The proposed technique is highly effective in generating intense, adjustable, and energy-efficient THz radiation by manipulating the Hermite polynomial mode index values.