Simulation study of solar cell with a double absorber layers of perovskites material using lead and lead-free material

Numerical simulations of lead-free perovskite solar cells have harvested significant attention within the scientific community. In particular, the all-inorganic compounds FASnI₃ and Cs₂TiBr₆ have emerged as promising materials, boasting favorable optical and electrical properties and remarkable stability under various environmental conditions. These perovskite-like materials have been extensively explored as light-absorbing layers for the development of lead-free perovskite solar cells. In our study, we have presented a numerical simulation of lead-free perovskite solar cells using the following device architecture: FTO/ZnO/FASnI₃/Cs₂TiBr₆/PEDOT/PSS/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au. Our optimization efforts focused on fine-tuning the thicknesses of the electron transport layer (ETL), light absorber layers, and hole transport layer (HTL) to achieve the highest possible efficiency. Through these optimizations, we achieved remarkable results, with the optimized lead-free perovskite solar cells demonstrating an impressive efficiency of 41.70%, as determined using the SCAPS-1D simulation software. Additionally, we explored the impact of series and shunt resistance on solar cell performance, gaining valuable insights that can inform the design of future perovskite solar cells. Our study provides significant contributions to the field, offering a pathway toward enhancing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells and further advancing the field of renewable energy.