High-sensitivity chemical sensing and detection applications based on octagonal-shaped hybrid photonic crystal fiber with a hexagonal core

It is suggested and examined to use an octagonal-shaped hybrid photonic crystal fiber with a hexagonal core to analyze the chemicals: benzene (n = 1.366), ethanol (n = 1.354), and water (n = 1.330) utilizing THz spectrum. The performance of the proposed sensor is assessed using COMSOL software, employing FEM as the solution technique. Having a moderate numerical aperture of 0.32 and an extremely low confinement loss of 4.833 × 10⁻¹⁶ dB/m, the suggested sensor exhibits an incredibly high relative sensitivity of 91.46, 88.49, and 86.24% at 2.2 THz. Furthermore, beneath optimal conditions for structural integrity, the recommended sensor offers large effective area of 6.458 × 10^–8 m² and a minimal effective material loss of 0.015 cm⁻¹. The optical sensor comprises round air holes, ensuring minimal complexity during production, with the exception of elliptical air holes in the cladding and the hexagonal air holes in the core. The sensor will be a strong contender for chemical sensing applications because of its superior sensing and directing capabilities. The optimized light confinement within the hexagonal core enhances sensitivity, making it well suited for precise chemical detection. Its advanced capabilities position it as a frontrunner in the realm of chemical sensing technologies.