Lossy mode resonance surface plasmon resonance sensor for malaria detection

A lossy mode resonance (LMR) prism-based refractive index (R.I.) sensor theoretical model is presented here. LMR sensor consists of a multilayer configuration of Cytop, perovskite (Cs₂AgBiBr₆), LiF, and sensing medium. The sensor's characteristics under angular interrogation are significantly enhanced by using the Cytop as the matching layer and Cs₂AgBiBr₆ as the lossy layer. This paper also summarizes the design concepts for the device and investigates the consequences of modifications in the sensor structure on the reflectance. The device has sensing characteristics under T.E. and T.M. polarized light, and the results demonstrate that its R.I. detection range is between 1.33 and 1.40. This LMR sensor has a maximum quality factor of 2338 RIU⁻¹ under T.M. and 9937 RIU⁻¹ under T.E. polarized light and a sensitivity range of 53–100/RIU under T.M./T.E. polarized light. Malaria has been detected in the human blood. All four stages of malaria have been identified. The parameters have been calculated for the four-stage normal, ring, trophozoite, and schizont of malaria.