Manifestation of varying polarization state of alternating channels in multicasting WDM network and mitigating the impairments using nonlinear OPC and dispersion compensation

The polarization difference between neighboring channels in WDM systems causes various nonlinear fiber impairments such as self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), resulting in a deterioration of signal quality. PMD limits the distance and the transmission speed in high bit rate optical link. PDL varies the state of polarization of light in adjacent channels to travel at slightly different speeds in the optical fiber, leading to signal distortions and increased bit error rate. This research investigates cutting-edge strategies that make use of the synergy of optical phase conjugation (OPC) and dispersion compensation module (DCM) suited for differently polarized adjacent channels in a wavelength-division multiplexing link to compensate these numerous limitations. The precise reversal of optical phase and amplitude distortions that a signal experiences during optical phase conjugation efficiently mitigates nonlinearities like SPM and XPM. The influence of chromatic dispersion, which can otherwise cause signal broadening and unfavorable inter-symbol interference, is rigorously countered by dispersion adjustment modules. The applicability of this new approach is validated by numerical simulations. For uniformly varying polarization angles between different channels, it has been found that the quality factor is highest for orthogonal polarization at 90 degrees and lowest for parallel polarization at either zero or 180 degrees. Additionally, random polarization fluctuation raises the quality factor by up to 2 dB. When using the OPC and DCM together, random polarization provides significantly greater performance. In DWDM networks, this study seeks to simultaneously mitigate nonlinear effects, dispersion-induced impairments, and polarization-dependent anomalies. By doing this, it aims to increase the network’s robustness and reduce bit error rate, allowing for the smooth and reliable transmission of high-capacity optical communications across long distances.