High-efficiency silicon solar cells designed on experimentally achieved nano-engineered low-reflective silicon surface

We explore the design and optimization of high-efficiency solar cells on low-reflective monocrystalline silicon surfaces using a personal computer one dimensional simulation software tool. The changes in the doping concentration of the n-type and p-type materials profoundly affects the generation and recombination process, thus affecting the conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells. To enhance solar cells' performance, copper nanoparticle (Cu-NP) assisted surface texturization has been employed on the silicon surface with resistivity 1–3 Ω.cm. The surface texturization assists in reducing the surface reflection of silicon by around 0.65%. The doping concentration and the layer thicknesses of a solar cell are optimized and found that 1 × 1014 cm⁻³ doping concentration at three different thicknesses (5, 10, and 15 μm) of the n-type region exhibit the maximum solar cell conversion efficiency of around 26.19%. The optimized design solution shows the best output parameters namely open-circuit voltage (V_oc) around 0.749 V, short circuit current (I_sc) about 3.987 A, and a fill factor of 26.19% that can be potentially useful for the fabrication of high-efficiency solar cells.