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<p>The increasing cost and limited availability of high-quality protein sources have driven interest in optimizing lipid utilization and employing functional additives to enhance fish growth and feed efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying dietary bile acid (BA) and lipid levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, and fatty acid profile in juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) reared under a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Four isonitrogenous diets (42% crude protein) were formulated with graded lipid (10–16%) and BA (0–0.3%) levels. Juveniles (4.5 ± 0.14&#xa0;g) were randomly distributed into triplicate groups (45 fish per replicate) and fed three times daily to apparent satiation. Growth parameters, including weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, exhibited significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) quadratic responses to BA and lipid levels. Feed and protein efficiency ratios followed a similar trend, while survival and condition factor were unaffected. Although whole-body composition and hematological indices showed no significant changes, serum triglyceride and AST levels responded linearly and quadratically to dietary treatments. Bile acid supplementation enhanced protease and lipase activities and improved antioxidant defense, as indicated by elevated SOD and CAT activities at 0.2–0.3% BA. The 0.2% BA inclusion notably improved the whole-body fatty acid profile, enhancing overall nutritional quality. These results suggest that incorporating 0.2% bile acids into lipid-enriched, low-protein diets offers a cost-effective feeding strategy to optimize growth performance and health in Asian seabass.</p>

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Dietary Lipid Levels and Bile Acid Supplementation: Effects on Growth, Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Gopal Sanjay,
  • Ishfaq Nazir Mir,
  • Nathan Felix,
  • Amit Ranjan,
  • Chinakannu Sathish Kumar

摘要

The increasing cost and limited availability of high-quality protein sources have driven interest in optimizing lipid utilization and employing functional additives to enhance fish growth and feed efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying dietary bile acid (BA) and lipid levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, and fatty acid profile in juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) reared under a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Four isonitrogenous diets (42% crude protein) were formulated with graded lipid (10–16%) and BA (0–0.3%) levels. Juveniles (4.5 ± 0.14 g) were randomly distributed into triplicate groups (45 fish per replicate) and fed three times daily to apparent satiation. Growth parameters, including weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, exhibited significant (P < 0.05) quadratic responses to BA and lipid levels. Feed and protein efficiency ratios followed a similar trend, while survival and condition factor were unaffected. Although whole-body composition and hematological indices showed no significant changes, serum triglyceride and AST levels responded linearly and quadratically to dietary treatments. Bile acid supplementation enhanced protease and lipase activities and improved antioxidant defense, as indicated by elevated SOD and CAT activities at 0.2–0.3% BA. The 0.2% BA inclusion notably improved the whole-body fatty acid profile, enhancing overall nutritional quality. These results suggest that incorporating 0.2% bile acids into lipid-enriched, low-protein diets offers a cost-effective feeding strategy to optimize growth performance and health in Asian seabass.