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<p>This research aims to assess the diversity, abundance, and seasonal dynamics of butterfly assemblages in the peripheral zones of Kalesar National Park, a protected area in the Shivalik Hills of northern India. Over a two-year period, 6,297 individual butterflies, representing 97 species from 74 genera and 6 families were recorded. The Nymphalidae family exhibited the highest species richness, while the members of Pieridae showed high abundance. The Common Emigrant showed high relative abundance and frequency, while Common Nawab and Orange Oakleaf had lower abundance. Feeding behaviours were diverse, showing nectar feeding, mud puddling, and fruit feeding, along with mimicry, camouflage and seasonal morphs. Species richness was significantly higher in summer, showing peaks during April-May and September-October. Conservation status assessments of the recorded butterfly species revealed that 16 of these are classified as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List, while others, including the Danaid Eggfly and Common Nawab, are protected under Schedule II of the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022. The findings underscore the need for targeted conservation strategies, emphasizing the role of seasonal dynamics, climate, and habitat factors in shaping butterfly populations.</p>

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Butterfly Diversity and Abundance in a Protected Area of Shivalik Hills, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Vidisha Gupta,
  • Parmesh Kumar

摘要

This research aims to assess the diversity, abundance, and seasonal dynamics of butterfly assemblages in the peripheral zones of Kalesar National Park, a protected area in the Shivalik Hills of northern India. Over a two-year period, 6,297 individual butterflies, representing 97 species from 74 genera and 6 families were recorded. The Nymphalidae family exhibited the highest species richness, while the members of Pieridae showed high abundance. The Common Emigrant showed high relative abundance and frequency, while Common Nawab and Orange Oakleaf had lower abundance. Feeding behaviours were diverse, showing nectar feeding, mud puddling, and fruit feeding, along with mimicry, camouflage and seasonal morphs. Species richness was significantly higher in summer, showing peaks during April-May and September-October. Conservation status assessments of the recorded butterfly species revealed that 16 of these are classified as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List, while others, including the Danaid Eggfly and Common Nawab, are protected under Schedule II of the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022. The findings underscore the need for targeted conservation strategies, emphasizing the role of seasonal dynamics, climate, and habitat factors in shaping butterfly populations.