<p>India’s commitment to a sustainable energy future is driven by a strategic convergence of advanced materials research and energy system innovations. At the heart of this transformation lies the energy-material nexus, where breakthroughs in materials science are enabling progress in energy storage, conversion, and efficiency. Through flagship initiatives such as the National hydrogen mission, Advanced chemistry cell (ACC) Battery manufacturing scheme, and Faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid and electric vehicles (FAME), India is fostering an ecosystem that integrates policy, research, and industry to overcome critical material constraints in energy applications. The development of next-generation battery materials, high-efficiency catalysts, and solid-state electrolytes is central to India’s efforts in strengthening renewable energy adoption, grid resilience, and e-mobility. By promoting indigenous innovation, public–private partnerships, and international collaborations, India is positioning itself as a key player in the global energy transition. This manuscript examines the role of targeted policies and technological advancements in shaping India’s approach to sustainable energy solutions. The findings highlight how a holistic and well-coordinated strategy is accelerating material innovations, ultimately propelling India toward a self-reliant, clean, and efficient energy future.</p>