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<p>Ensuring regional food security is essential for advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those related to ending hunger, reducing poverty, and promoting sustainable consumption. However, spatial mismatches between food production and consumption continue to undermine the resilience and equity of food systems. This study examines the structural characteristics of the food production-consumption system in Shanxi, China, over the period 2005–2020, focusing on spatial risks toward food availability. A Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (Ga2SFCA) method was used to quantify the spatiotemporal coupling between staple grain production and consumption, while migration in production centers was analysed using geographic centroid tracking. Results reveal a growing disparity between dominant feed-oriented maize production and insufficient staple grain availability for human consumption, especially in densely populated areas with limited arable land. From 2005 to 2020, the center of maize production migrated from Qingxu to Qixian, while the center of wheat production moved from Xiangfen to Quwo. Urban food consumption increased steadily (11.85 × 10<sup>4</sup> tons per year), while rural consumption declined (11.96 × 10<sup>4</sup> tons per year), amplifying spatial imbalances in food accessibility. Despite improvements in county-level production-consumption ratios under expanded food distribution thresholds, a persistent structural deficit remains, requiring reliance on interregional food transfers. These findings reveal underlying spatial vulnerabilities within Shanxi’s food system and provide policy-relevant insights for enhancing intra-provincial coordination and supply resilience. The integrated remote sensing-spatial analysis framework offers a transferable approach for assessing food system vulnerabilities in other regions pursuing SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 17 (Partnerships).</p>

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Assessing the spatial mismatch between staple grain production and consumption and its implications on systemic vulnerability of food security in Shanxi, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Jing Li,
  • Haipeng Zhao,
  • Hongquan Song,
  • Xiangzheng Deng

摘要

Ensuring regional food security is essential for advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those related to ending hunger, reducing poverty, and promoting sustainable consumption. However, spatial mismatches between food production and consumption continue to undermine the resilience and equity of food systems. This study examines the structural characteristics of the food production-consumption system in Shanxi, China, over the period 2005–2020, focusing on spatial risks toward food availability. A Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (Ga2SFCA) method was used to quantify the spatiotemporal coupling between staple grain production and consumption, while migration in production centers was analysed using geographic centroid tracking. Results reveal a growing disparity between dominant feed-oriented maize production and insufficient staple grain availability for human consumption, especially in densely populated areas with limited arable land. From 2005 to 2020, the center of maize production migrated from Qingxu to Qixian, while the center of wheat production moved from Xiangfen to Quwo. Urban food consumption increased steadily (11.85 × 104 tons per year), while rural consumption declined (11.96 × 104 tons per year), amplifying spatial imbalances in food accessibility. Despite improvements in county-level production-consumption ratios under expanded food distribution thresholds, a persistent structural deficit remains, requiring reliance on interregional food transfers. These findings reveal underlying spatial vulnerabilities within Shanxi’s food system and provide policy-relevant insights for enhancing intra-provincial coordination and supply resilience. The integrated remote sensing-spatial analysis framework offers a transferable approach for assessing food system vulnerabilities in other regions pursuing SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 17 (Partnerships).