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<p>Our research provides new evidence on how social safety net (SSN) programs contribute to household resilience through improved food security and child nutrition in Malawi. Using data from four waves of the Malawi Integrated Household Panel Survey (IHPS), we employ the Callaway and Sant’Anna difference-in-differences (CSDID) estimation technique, which accounts for staggered treatment timing, to investigate the combined and individual effects of various SSN programs, including social cash transfer (SCT), school feeding, supplementary feeding, food aid, and public work (PWP). Our findings suggest that households benefiting from multiple SSN programs demonstrate improved food security, particularly for Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). Additionally, individual programs, such as school feeding, supplementary feeding, and food aid, significantly improve Food Consumption Score (FCS) and HDDS, while SCT program positively impacts child nutrition outcomes, reducing stunting. Heterogeneous effects reveal stronger impacts for female-headed and rural households on HDDS and stunting. These findings underscore the importance of combining programs for greater effectiveness among vulnerable populations and highlight the need for tailored interventions in rural and urban settings and for male- or female-headed households. Furthermore, these findings contribute to discussions on promoting SSN programs to achieve improved food security and nutrition while informing policy to support Sustainable Development Goals 1.3 and 2 in Malawi and other similar regions.</p>

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Do social safety net programs enhance household resilience through improved food security and child nutrition in Malawi?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Nomore Nkhoma,
  • Abdul Salami Bah,
  • Xiaonan Chen

摘要

Our research provides new evidence on how social safety net (SSN) programs contribute to household resilience through improved food security and child nutrition in Malawi. Using data from four waves of the Malawi Integrated Household Panel Survey (IHPS), we employ the Callaway and Sant’Anna difference-in-differences (CSDID) estimation technique, which accounts for staggered treatment timing, to investigate the combined and individual effects of various SSN programs, including social cash transfer (SCT), school feeding, supplementary feeding, food aid, and public work (PWP). Our findings suggest that households benefiting from multiple SSN programs demonstrate improved food security, particularly for Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). Additionally, individual programs, such as school feeding, supplementary feeding, and food aid, significantly improve Food Consumption Score (FCS) and HDDS, while SCT program positively impacts child nutrition outcomes, reducing stunting. Heterogeneous effects reveal stronger impacts for female-headed and rural households on HDDS and stunting. These findings underscore the importance of combining programs for greater effectiveness among vulnerable populations and highlight the need for tailored interventions in rural and urban settings and for male- or female-headed households. Furthermore, these findings contribute to discussions on promoting SSN programs to achieve improved food security and nutrition while informing policy to support Sustainable Development Goals 1.3 and 2 in Malawi and other similar regions.