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<p>Food insecurity (FI) remains a major global challenge, deeply impacting health and well-being, particularly in vulnerable populations. In Brazil, regional disparities have led to&#xa0;significant shifts in FI levels from 2004 to 2022, driven by social, economic, and&#xa0;environmental factors. This study analyzes spatial and temporal correlations between FI&#xa0;and sustainable development indicators across Brazil’s 27 states to inform policies&#xa0;aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). An ecological and cross-sectional approach was used, combining FI data from national surveys with sustainable&#xa0;development indicators from public databases. Spatial analysis methods, including the&#xa0;Global and Local Moran Index, were employed to identify spatial correlations, using R,&#xa0;QGis, and GeoDa software. Results indicate a significant decrease in FI between 2004&#xa0;and 2013, followed by a sharp increase after 2018, particularly in the North and Northeast&#xa0;regions. In 2022, these regions had the highest FI levels, exceeding 68%. FI showed&#xa0;positive correlations with inadequate water and sanitation access and a negative&#xa0;correlation with literacy rates. Mortality in children under 5 years of age shows a slight&#xa0;reduction in correlation coefficients from 2004 to 2022. High-FI clusters were&#xa0;concentrated in the North and Northeast, characterized by poor service coverage and&#xa0;greater vulnerability. These findings highlight that FI distribution in Brazil is not random&#xa0;but closely linked to socio-economic and environmental disparities. Understanding these&#xa0;patterns is crucial for guiding geographically targeted policies to reduce FI and support&#xa0;SDG achievement in Brazil.</p>

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Exploring the spatial and temporal links between food insecurity and sustainable development indicators in Brazil (2004–2022)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Lucas de Almeida Moura,
  • Rafael Sabatino de Souza,
  • Carolina Ribeiro Xavier,
  • Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni

摘要

Food insecurity (FI) remains a major global challenge, deeply impacting health and well-being, particularly in vulnerable populations. In Brazil, regional disparities have led to significant shifts in FI levels from 2004 to 2022, driven by social, economic, and environmental factors. This study analyzes spatial and temporal correlations between FI and sustainable development indicators across Brazil’s 27 states to inform policies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). An ecological and cross-sectional approach was used, combining FI data from national surveys with sustainable development indicators from public databases. Spatial analysis methods, including the Global and Local Moran Index, were employed to identify spatial correlations, using R, QGis, and GeoDa software. Results indicate a significant decrease in FI between 2004 and 2013, followed by a sharp increase after 2018, particularly in the North and Northeast regions. In 2022, these regions had the highest FI levels, exceeding 68%. FI showed positive correlations with inadequate water and sanitation access and a negative correlation with literacy rates. Mortality in children under 5 years of age shows a slight reduction in correlation coefficients from 2004 to 2022. High-FI clusters were concentrated in the North and Northeast, characterized by poor service coverage and greater vulnerability. These findings highlight that FI distribution in Brazil is not random but closely linked to socio-economic and environmental disparities. Understanding these patterns is crucial for guiding geographically targeted policies to reduce FI and support SDG achievement in Brazil.