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<p>Crop diversification has been proposed as a climate risk management strategy to increase food production and food security. However, few empirical studies have been conducted on climate risk attitudes and crop diversification's effects on Food security in Africa. This paper fills that gap by examining the relationship between the climate risk attitudes of food crop farmers and the extent of crop diversification; and subsequently, estimates the impact of crop diversification on farm household food security in the Central Region of Ghana. Data were obtained through a structured interview schedule from 420 food crop farmers who were selected using a multistage sampling technique. We&#xa0;used&#xa0;the Equally Likely Certainty Equivalent Model to estimate the risk attitudes of farmers towards climate change, and the Herfindahl–Hirschman Diversity Index to determine the extent of crop diversification on food-crop farms. We then employed a Heckit Treatment Effect model to examine the empirical relationship between them. We further examined how the extent of crop diversification impacts the Food security of farmers by estimating the Average Treatment Effect using the inverse probability weights regression adjustment estimator. The study found that over 50% of Food crop farmers highly diversified their farms&#xa0;where they cultivated more than four different types of crop, while 30.5% and 16.9% moderately and lowly diversified their farms, with the cultivation of three or less different crop types.&#xa0;The majority (87%) of the farmers had risk aversion attitudes towards climate variability and change. Food crop farmers who were risk averse are more likely to practice crop diversification as a climate-smart agriculture intensification strategy to reduce crop loss due to climate variability. We also found that farmers with more diversified farms were more food secure than their counterparts. By adapting to climate variation through crop diversification, food crop farmers benefit from more diverse food produced from their farms, resulting in greater food security. Our study recommends that farmers be encouraged to plant multiple crops including maize, cassava, plantains, cocoyam, and cowpea, as well as vegetables like tomatoes, pepper, okra, and eggplant/aubergine on their farms in the variable climate of central Ghana.</p>

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Risk attitudes towards climate variation and food crop diversification, and their implications for food security among farm households in Central Region, Ghana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月13日

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  • Samuel K. N. Dadzie,
  • Isaac Dasmani,
  • Franklin T. Odamtten,
  • Emmanuel W. Inkoom

摘要

Crop diversification has been proposed as a climate risk management strategy to increase food production and food security. However, few empirical studies have been conducted on climate risk attitudes and crop diversification's effects on Food security in Africa. This paper fills that gap by examining the relationship between the climate risk attitudes of food crop farmers and the extent of crop diversification; and subsequently, estimates the impact of crop diversification on farm household food security in the Central Region of Ghana. Data were obtained through a structured interview schedule from 420 food crop farmers who were selected using a multistage sampling technique. We used the Equally Likely Certainty Equivalent Model to estimate the risk attitudes of farmers towards climate change, and the Herfindahl–Hirschman Diversity Index to determine the extent of crop diversification on food-crop farms. We then employed a Heckit Treatment Effect model to examine the empirical relationship between them. We further examined how the extent of crop diversification impacts the Food security of farmers by estimating the Average Treatment Effect using the inverse probability weights regression adjustment estimator. The study found that over 50% of Food crop farmers highly diversified their farms where they cultivated more than four different types of crop, while 30.5% and 16.9% moderately and lowly diversified their farms, with the cultivation of three or less different crop types. The majority (87%) of the farmers had risk aversion attitudes towards climate variability and change. Food crop farmers who were risk averse are more likely to practice crop diversification as a climate-smart agriculture intensification strategy to reduce crop loss due to climate variability. We also found that farmers with more diversified farms were more food secure than their counterparts. By adapting to climate variation through crop diversification, food crop farmers benefit from more diverse food produced from their farms, resulting in greater food security. Our study recommends that farmers be encouraged to plant multiple crops including maize, cassava, plantains, cocoyam, and cowpea, as well as vegetables like tomatoes, pepper, okra, and eggplant/aubergine on their farms in the variable climate of central Ghana.