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<p>To evaluate the electrical performance degradation of solar arrays subjected to hypervelocity impacts by space debris, this paper proposes an assessment method that combines space debris flux, the physical damage process of hypervelocity impact, and the photovoltaic characteristics of solar arrays. Based on data from the typical space debris environment model, damage scenarios for representative orbits are determined. Then, using empirical damage equations for hypervelocity impact and a single-diode model of solar cells, the degree of photovoltaic performance degradation of the solar array in the corresponding orbit is assessed. The results show that the differences in damage among orbits depend primarily on debris flux: the greater the debris flux in an orbit, the more severe the performance degradation of the solar array over its lifetime. In the low Earth orbit environment, although centimeter-sized debris has a lower impact probability compared to millimeter-sized debris, the power loss resulting from a single impact of the former is significantly higher than that caused by a single impact of the latter.</p>

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A comprehensive assessment method for the electrical performance degradation of solar arrays subjected to space debris impacts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Zhilong Jian,
  • Weijing Zhou,
  • Hualiang Zhang,
  • Hao Chang,
  • Xiaoyuan Quan,
  • Zhe Zhao,
  • Yingjie Ma

摘要

To evaluate the electrical performance degradation of solar arrays subjected to hypervelocity impacts by space debris, this paper proposes an assessment method that combines space debris flux, the physical damage process of hypervelocity impact, and the photovoltaic characteristics of solar arrays. Based on data from the typical space debris environment model, damage scenarios for representative orbits are determined. Then, using empirical damage equations for hypervelocity impact and a single-diode model of solar cells, the degree of photovoltaic performance degradation of the solar array in the corresponding orbit is assessed. The results show that the differences in damage among orbits depend primarily on debris flux: the greater the debris flux in an orbit, the more severe the performance degradation of the solar array over its lifetime. In the low Earth orbit environment, although centimeter-sized debris has a lower impact probability compared to millimeter-sized debris, the power loss resulting from a single impact of the former is significantly higher than that caused by a single impact of the latter.