Scholarlink

<p>Performing orbit determination for satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is critical for every satellite operator. This usually requires access to either on-board GNSS data or measurements from external providers. Contrary to that, this paper focuses on the analysis and potential implementation of a low-cost system approach utilizing Time Difference of Arrival TDOA and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) measurements on only two time- and frequency-synchronized Software Defined Radio (SDR) ground stations, enabling non-cooperative orbit determination for actively emitting satellites. We suggest and simulate key performance parameters of such a system. For this, the assumed measurement models are presented and used to simulate achievable accuracies for varying baselines. Viability tests for concrete experimental verification are shown for simulated overpasses in a Hardware In the Loop (HIL) test. We demonstrate that the presented methods can yield orbit estimation accuracies that are comparable to commonly used Two Line Elements (TLE) and are thus especially suited to improve the overall Space Situational Awareness (SSA).</p>

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Orbit determination using difference of arrival measurements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Benedikt Schmidt,
  • Eric Jäger,
  • Guido Dietl

摘要

Performing orbit determination for satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is critical for every satellite operator. This usually requires access to either on-board GNSS data or measurements from external providers. Contrary to that, this paper focuses on the analysis and potential implementation of a low-cost system approach utilizing Time Difference of Arrival TDOA and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) measurements on only two time- and frequency-synchronized Software Defined Radio (SDR) ground stations, enabling non-cooperative orbit determination for actively emitting satellites. We suggest and simulate key performance parameters of such a system. For this, the assumed measurement models are presented and used to simulate achievable accuracies for varying baselines. Viability tests for concrete experimental verification are shown for simulated overpasses in a Hardware In the Loop (HIL) test. We demonstrate that the presented methods can yield orbit estimation accuracies that are comparable to commonly used Two Line Elements (TLE) and are thus especially suited to improve the overall Space Situational Awareness (SSA).